P2P networks are typically used for connecting nodes via largely ad hoc connections.
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On the other hand, many HTTP servers drop connections over several hours, while many torrents exist long enough to complete a multi-day download (often required for large files).Ī peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively low number of servers. Though BitTorrent is a good protocol for a broadband user, it is less effective for dial up connections, where disconnections are common.
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(Although, confusingly, when used in opposition to "seeds" or "seeders" as in "S/L ratio" (meaning "seed/leech ratio"), "leecher" only means someone who hasn't downloaded the full file yet.) Then it begins looking for someone to upload the block to.īitTorrent gives the best download performance to the people who upload the most, a property known as "leech resistance", since it discourages "leechers" from trying to download the file without uploading it to anyone.
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As soon as the client finishes importing a block, it hashes it to make sure that the block matches what the torrent file said it should be. This makes it more likely that peers will have blocks to exchange. For each available source, the client considers which blocks of the file are available and then requests the rarest block it does not yet have. The torrent file tells the client the address of the tracker, which, in turn, maintains a log of which users are downloading the file and where the file and its fragments reside. Each person who wants to download the file first downloads the torrent and opens it in the BitTorrent client software. However, everyone can eventually get the complete file as long as there is at least one distributed copy of the file, even if there are no seeds.ĭownloading with BitTorrent is straightforward. One outcome of this approach is that if all seeds are taken offline, the file may no longer be available for download, even if a client has a copy of the torrent file. When other users finish downloading the entire file, they can optionally "reseed" it-becoming an additional source for the file. The BitTorrent client is started as a "seed node", allowing other users to connect and begin downloading.
The torrent file is then distributed to users, often via email or placed on a website. * and some other data (like client instructions). * the address of a "tracker" server (which is discussed below)
* the filename, size, and the checksum (hash) of each block in the file (which allows users to make sure they are downloading the real thing) torrent file, a small "pointer" file that contains:
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